Models and algorithms for a multiple product pipeline on a network with a single unidirectional pipe

Orientador: Cid Carvalho de SouzaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de ComputaçãoResumo: Uma das formas mais econômicas e, em relação ao meio ambiente, mais seguras de se transportar combustíveis é bombeá-los através de redes de dutos. Contudo, as diversas restrições operacionais que precisam ser consideradas fazem com que o planejamento das atividades de bombeamento se transforme em um grande desafio. Dentre os diversos cenários em que o problema se apresenta, investiga-se nessa dissertação o caso de uma rede composta de um único duto onde diversos produtos são bombeados unidirecionalmente. Trata-se de uma situação real enfrentada pela Petrobras no gerenciamento da rede OSBRA. Na literatura existem propostas de vários modelos matemáticos para tratar esta instância particular do problema. Contudo, no melhor do nosso conhecimento, não existem comparações efetivas entre estes modelos e os algoritmos usados para computá-los. Nessa dissertação faz-se uma comparação aprofundada entre três desses modelos, a qual se baseia em uma metodologia sugerida pelos técnicos da Petrobras. Neste trabalho são destacadas não só as dificuldades envolvendo a implementação dos modelos, bem como as deficiências encontradas na aplicação da metodologia de comparação usada pela empresa. Propostas são feitas nessa dissertação no intuito de superar estes obstáculosAbstract: One of the most economical and, with respect to the environment, safest ways to transport fuel is to pump them through pipeline networks. However, the several operational constraints that have to be considered turn the planning of these activities into a major challenge. Among the several cenarios in which the problem arises, in this dissertation we investigate the case of a network composed of a single pipeline through which several products are pumped unidirectionally. This is a real situation faced by Petrobras in the management of the OSBRA network. In the literature there are proposals of various mathematical models to tackle this particular instance of the problem. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no effective comparisons of these models and of the algorithms used to compute them. In this dissertation an in-depth comparison is made between three of these models, which is based on a methodology suggested by the technical staff of Petrobras. In this work we highlight not only the difficulties involving the implementation of the models but also the deficiencies encountered in the application of the comparison methodology used by the company. Proposals are made in this dissertation in an attempt to overcome these obstaclesMestradoCiência da ComputaçãoMestre em Ciência da Computaçã

EOLO: Sistema per la regolazione controllata di gas ad uso medico per terapia e diagnosi

not availableIl progetto riguarda principalmente l\u27ossigeno terapia e la somministrazione di ossido nitrico per terapia e diagnostica La somministrazione controllata di gas ad uso terapeutico ? oggi una pratica clinica consolidata in special modo nella ossigeno terapia per patologie quali le broncopneumopatie croniche ostruttive (BPCO). Nuove terapie con altri gas quali l\u27ossido nitrico NO rappresentano metodiche in corso di validazione clinica ma gi? accettate da organismi di controllo quali FDA, soprattutto nei casi di ipertensione polmonare primitiva. Ci si riferisce quindi a sistemi di somministrazione di gas, come quelli rammentati, mettendo a punto metodiche originarie di "feedback" su parametri fisiologici, misurati durante la terapia in modo incruento, per gestire i relativi dispositivi di erogazione del gas stesso e al monitoraggio delle variabili biologiche rilevanti da parte di centri opportuni. Le malattie respiratorie, dopo le malattie cardiocircolatorie ed i tumori, sono tra le maggiori cause di morte nel mondo. Il loro trend ? crescente, essendo esse causate, fra l\u27altro, da fattori come il fumo e l\u27inquinamento, che sono a loro volta in crescita. Da qui la necessit? di realizzare sistemi semplici ed efficaci per il controllo della strumentazione di ossigenoterapia in una vasta popolazione, anche per gli usi domiciliari. Non ultimo diventa importante con questi numeri, pensare ad una razionalizzazione automatica dei consumi di ossigeno. Per quel che riguarda l\u27ipertensione polmonare, altra patologia verso cui EOLO ? rivolto, un potenziale rimedio ? costituito dalla somministrazione in dosi terapeutiche di Ossido Nitrico in sostituzione ad esempio delle prostacicline con il vantaggio di non ricorrere ad applicazioni invasive cruente e di evitare effetti collaterali sistemici. L\u27uso di questo gas medicale ? per? limitata in quanto il mercato non propone dispositivi per la somministrazione di ossido nitrico ottimizzati alle sue indicazioni d\u27uso. Le indicazione d\u27uso prevedono, infatti, la somministrazione di ossido nitrico a bassi dosaggi(5-40 ppm) e la limitazione del tempo di contatto tra l\u27ossido nitrico e i gas inalatori che il paziente deve respirare. Tale metodologia di somministrazione ? requisito essenziale per il suo impiego, in quanto questo gas si combina molto velocemente con l\u27ossigeno formando Biossido d\u27Azoto (NO2), un gas altamente nocivo. Il biossido di azoto reagendo a sua volta con l\u27acqua forma acido nitrico (HNO3), che ? un acido particolarmente reattivo quindi pericoloso

Ex ante Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis of an anaerobic digester in Italy

The end-use valorization of food waste (FW) and biowaste is currently being focused on biofuels and bioproducts production through different technologies. This study evaluated the implementation of a new eco-industrial system in Italy that incorporates a micro-scale anaerobic digestion (mAD) and a Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) unit to produce renewable energy (e.g., electricity and heat) from AD biogas and high-quality bio-based products (e.g., bio-pesticides) from digestate. Three scenarios (S0, S1, S2) were modeled. S0 and S1 included only a solid-liquid separation of digestate through a centrifuge, assuming a different fate for the solid fraction (composting in S0 and application on farmland in S1). S2 integrated SSF and reverse osmosis technologies for the treatment and valorization of digestate with nutrient recovery. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Environmental Cost-Benefit Analysis (eCBA) methodologies were applied to assess the environmental performances and economic feasibility of the project. The pilot system showed solid environmental performances, especially for S1 and S2, in the five impact categories considered. According to LCA results, the eCBA gives a positive outcome for S2. While the financial and economic analysis showed positive Net Present Values for S2, the project's profitability was not achieved for S0 and S1. If AD plants are implemented at a smaller scale they would represent a favorable investment for the local community; particularly when considering the benefits of nutrient recovery through a complete post-treatment of digestate. The valorization of organic residues could be better supported through introducing alternative market-based policy tools, as well as removing regulatory barriers and encouraging the implementation of financial schemes to support small-scale renewable production systems and the enhancement of market-based instruments for credits certification from renewable energy production. © 2022 The Author(s)

ORDEM, PROGRESSO E ALFABETIZAÇÃO! LOURENÇO FILHO E O ENSINO DA LEITURA E ESCRITA

This essay aims to recover the thoughts and contributions of Professor at the New School Lourenço Filho in the historical trajectory of literacy in Brazil, trying to understand how the author thought it still marks quite convincing some current conceptions of literacy. The reason for choosing to study and discuss Lourenço Filho took for his immense contribution in research on school psychology, studies on the teaching of reading and writing and for being a great promoter of Brazilian popular education. However, for this text, we will limit his most important work and a great influence on basic education in Brazil. These works will be an essay and two booklets, which are emblematic and representative of the author's thinking about the teaching of reading and writing. The choice for them occurred because these productions predominated for more than half a century in the educational scenario of the country.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i3.3084Este ensayo tiene como objetivo recuperar los pensamientos y las contribuciones del profesor de la New School Lourenço Filho en la trayectoria histórica de la alfabetización de Brasil, tratando de comprender cómo el autor pensó que todavía marca bastante convincente algunas concepciones actuales de la alfabetización. La razón para elegir para estudiar y discutir Lourenço Filho tomó por su inmensa contribución en la investigación sobre la psicología de la escuela, los estudios sobre la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura y por ser un gran promotor de la educación popular brasileña. Sin embargo, para este texto, nos limitaremos a su obra más destacada y una gran influencia en la educación básica en Brasil. Estas obras serán un ensayo y dos folletos, que son emblemáticos y representativos del pensamiento del autor acerca de la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura. La opción para ellos se produjo debido a que estas producciones predominaron durante más de medio siglo en el escenario educativo del país.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i3.3084O presente ensaio pretende resgatar na trajetória histórica da alfabetização brasileira o pensamento e as contribuições do professor escolanovista Lourenço Filho, buscando compreender de que forma o pensamento desse autor ainda marca de forma bastante contundente algumas concepções de alfabetização vigentes. O motivo da escolha por estudar e discutir Lourenço Filho se deu por suas imensas contribuições nas pesquisas acerca da psicologia escolar, dos estudos sobre o ensino da leitura e da escrita e por ter sido um grande promotor da educação popular brasileira. Contudo, para organização deste texto, nos limitamos as suas obras de maior destaque e influência na educação de base no Brasil; sendo elas um ensaio e duas cartilhas, que emblemáticas e representativas do pensamento do autor acerca do ensino da leitura e escrita, predominaram por mais de meio século no cenário educacional do país.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i3.308

Measurement of the thermal expansion coefficient of an Al-Mg alloy at ultra-low temperatures

We describe a result coming from an experiment based on an Al-Mg alloy (~ 5% Mg) suspended bar hit by an electron beam and operated above and below the termperature of transition from superconducting to normal state of the material. The amplitude of the bar first longitudinal mode of oscillation, excited by the beam interacting with the bulk, and the energy deposited by the beam in the bar are the quantities measured by the experiment. These quantities, inserted in the equations describing the mechanism of the mode excitation and complemented by an independent measurement of the specific heat, allow us to determine the linear expansion coefficient of the material.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

The prognostic value of ultrasound lung comets in patients with pulmonary hypertension

Background: Ultrasound Lung Comets (ULCs) consist of multiple comet tails originating from thickened interlobular septa, due to water or connective tissue accumulation. Therefore they are detectable in patients with several lung diseases. Aim: To assess the prognostic value of ULCs in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Materials and methods: 33 in-hospital patients (age 67?13 years, 16 females) admitted to the Pneumology Division of Clinical Physiology in Pisa with diagnosis of idiopathic or secondary pulmonary hypertension were evaluated upon admission with a comprehensive 2D and Doppler echocardiography, and chest sonography with ULCs assessment. A patient ULC score was obtained by summing the number of comets from each of the scanning spaces in the anterior right and left hemithorax, from second to fifth intercostal spaces. By echocardiography, we measured Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) as an index of right ventricular function, and Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure (PASP) from tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity. Results: During the follow-up, 16 events occurred: 4 deaths, 12 new admission for the worsening of symptoms or respiratory function. A ROC analysis identified 14 ULCs as the best diagnostic cut-off to predict events with 94 % sensitivity and 71 % specificity. The 9-months event-free survival was higher in patients with no ULCs and lower in patients with ULCs (see Figure). There was a weak significant correlation between ULCs and PAPs (r=.541, p<.001) and no correlation between ULCs and TAPSE (r=.088, p=ns). Conclusion: ULCs are a simple, user-friendly, radiation-free bedside sign of thickened lung interlobular septa, adding a useful information for straightforward prognostic stratification of patients with pulmonary hypertension

Corrigendum to: Structure, functional organization and biological traits of macroinvertebrate assemblages from leaf-bags and benthic samples in a third-order stream of Central Apennines (Italy) [Ecological Indicators 46 (2014) 84–91]

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Sustentabilidad asociada al traspaso generacional en un tambo

El enfoque de un sistema productivo tanto en la dinámica económica-productiva, socio-cultural y ambiental de la sustentabilidad brinda una mirada integral de las problemáticas estableciendo las limitantes y potencialidades con las que cuenta el sistema, las cuales tienen un impacto directo sobre la productividad. La continuidad de un emprendimiento a lo largo de las generaciones presenta dificultades desde el punto de vista empresarial y sistémico. Los desafíos humanos y técnicos traen aparejados conflictos de difícil resolución que en muchas ocasiones terminan con la disolución de la empresa o una fuerte modificación en su dirección para mejorar los resultados en los pilares mencionados.The focus of a production system on the economic, productive, socio-cultural and environmental dynamics of sustainability offers a comprehensive perspective of common issues, establishing the limitations and potentialities of said system, which will impact productivity directly. Continuity of an enterprise over generations proves difficult from an entrepreneurial and systemic point of view. Human and technical challenges bring about complex conflicts which end in the dissolution of the enterprise in many instances or a considerable shift in direction in order to improve the results of the mentioned pillars.EEA OliverosFil: Novaira, Bruno I. Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios de Problemáticas Lecheras; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Gustavo Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros. Agencia de Extensión Rural Roldán; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Gustavo Daniel. Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios de Problemáticas Lecheras; ArgentinaFil: Gimenez, Gustavo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Marini, Pablo Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Marini, Pablo Roberto. Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios de Problemáticas Lecheras; Argentin

Experimental Analysis of the Reaction Rate of Hydrated Class G Cement Powder at 11 bar PCO2 and Ambient Temperature

The aim of this work is to study the alteration of class G Cement at ambient temperature under a relatively high CO2 partial pressure through suitably designed laboratory experiments, in which cement hydration and carbonation are taken into account separately. First, the hydration process was carried out for 28 days to identify and quantify the hydrated solid phases formed. After the completion of hydration, accompanied by partial carbonation under atmospheric conditions, the carbonation process was investigated using a stirred micro-reactor by reacting cement powder with pure CO2(g) (PCO2 = 11 bar) and MilliQ water for different reaction times. The reaction time was varied to constrain the reaction kinetics of the carbonation process and to investigate the evolution of primary and secondary solid phases. Mineralogical analyses (X-ray Powder Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope) were carried out to this purpose. Water analyses were also performed by ion chromatography at the end of each experimental run to investigate the chemical effects of cement carbonation on the aqueous solution. The carbonation degree was calculated from the results of Thermo-Gravimetric analysis (TGA). The main results of these experiments is the quick conversion of portlandite and Ca1.60SiO3.6·2.58H2O (C-S-H) to calcite. In fact, the carbonation degree attains 80% after 6 hours of reaction time. Experimental outcomes will be simulated by means of the PHREEQC software package to obtain further indications on cement carbonatio